Description
Product Characteristics:
Ataxin-1, also designated spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 protein (Sca-1), is differentially expressed and localizes to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Mutations in Ataxin-1 are associated with the onset of the autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA-1), which is characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the cerebellum, muscle wasting and ataxia. In Purkinje cells, where SCA-1 is predominantly observed, Ataxin-1 has been shown to directly associate with the Purkinje-enriched leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein (LANP) and the nuclear matrix-associated protein promyelocytic leukemia protein PML. In SCA-1, Ataxin-1 is mutated to encode a polyglutamine protein that forms nuclear aggregates, which interact significantly more strongly with LANP and contribute to the pathogenesis of SCA-1.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Synonyms: Ataxin 1 phospho S776,p-Ataxin 1 phospho S776, ATX1, ATXN1, SCA1, Ataxin 1, Ataxin-1, Ataxin1, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, ATX1_HUMAN.
Target Information: The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Clinically, ADCA has been divided into three groups: ADCA types I-III. ADCAI is genetically heterogeneous, with five genetic loci, designated spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, being assigned to five different chromosomes. ADCAII, which always presents with retinal degeneration (SCA7), and ADCAIII often referred to as the `pure' cerebellar syndrome (SCA5), are most likely homogeneous disorders. Several SCA genes have been cloned and shown to contain CAG repeats in their coding regions. ADCA is caused by the expansion of the CAG repeats, producing an elongated polyglutamine tract in the corresponding protein. The expanded repeats are variable in size and unstable, usually increasing in size when transmitted to successive generations. The function of the ataxins is not known. This locus has been mapped to chromosome 6, and it has been determined that the diseased allele contains 41-81 CAG repeats, compared to 6-39 in the normal allele, and is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). At least two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]